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What Are Cheapfakes (Shallowfakes)?

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<li>Photoshopping: original → photoshopped </li>
<li>Speeding and Slowing : Real Video →Fake Video - Footage of House speaker deliverately slowed down to make her appear drunk or ill </li>
<li>Re-contextualizing :
True Claim : 2014 : President Obama and Dr Fauci visiting NIH lab, Maryland in 2014 to learn about Ebola vaccine 
→ False Claim : 2020 : President Obama, Dr.Fauci and Melinda Gates and at Wuhan Lab, China in 2015 for Bat project
</li>
</ul>Image 1. Examples of cheapfakes made by editing images and videos or recontextualizing (Left) Photoshopped image falsely portraying the filming of MCM’s iconic roaring lion bumper (Middle) Interview footage of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi intentionally slowed down to make her appear drunk or ill (Right) An image of former U.S. President Obama listening to an explanation of the Ebola vaccine at the NIH lab, Maryland (2014). The image was falsely claimed to make Obama appear to be listening to a bat project at the Wuhan Lab in China (2020) Source: MMSys’21 Grand Challenge on Detecting Cheapfakes, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.05297.pdf